Egypt leads the environmental change

If the cities are considered the world's great capitals, Cairo is undoubtedly among the first ten or ten odd. It is the first (absolute) city in a vast stretch of the ancient world. If the world's historical capitals are limited, perhaps Cairo is the mother of all cities. But, when we consider cultural weight, political influence and national and intellectual influence, there is no capital in the sense that we imagine it has in its state, such as Cairo in terms of weight, despotic primacy, control, or direction, and possibly even exaggeration. This is Cairo, then: a frozen or preserved past, every stone infused with the stone of the city. past and sweat, and every inch of it has man's fingerprints." In his book "Cairo," released in 1993, Jamal Hamdan saw it this way.

Gordon Waterfield, wrote his memoirs and writings. Cairo had a population of half a million people in 1940, he claims. Cairo retained its distance from the concrete tide in the 1950s. The residential buildings did not have more than five or six stories. By the 1960s, the number of floors was constantly increasing. There were, of course, exceptions.

In the 1970s, Cairo was attempting to capture the heart of art. However, as the crucial articulated contract tightened its grasp on Cairo and applied its standards and rules, ancient Cairo began to fade in front of the other Cairo.

Cairo, which arose in 1897 for the first time in Egyptian history as a metropolis of half a million, became a city of more than 10 million in 2020, in addition to visitors, as residents of Cairo and those displaced from rural raced in the two-million rabbit race. Cairo's population has grown from about two million in 1947 to three million and 350 thousand in 1960, four million and 300 thousand in 1966, five million and 80 thousand in 1976, and nearly ten million in late 2019.

Overcrowding began to choke Cairo, and the search for money began in the capital's territory, where there are work prospects, education, and money needed for survival. The village boys' dreams began to fly in the sky until they boarded the "Egypt" train, as they call Cairo, and this was an accurate description of what happened in Cairo... the narrow area, the huge numbers, and from here the nation's economic and social problems began, particularly social and intellectual differences, the spread of ignorance and poverty led to the existence of crimes, slums, and intellectual and social backwardness. In addition to the increase in childbearing and the arrival of a large number of people inside Cairo, the pursuit of money has contributed to the appearance of illegal buildings, the establishment of factories, the lack of a waste disposal mechanism, the existence of a heavy burden on the government in order to preserve the environment, and this contradicts the Egyptian economic situation, particularly in the early 1980s, and people were contributors.

Egypt is regarded as one of the countries where reliance on fossil fuels, particularly petroleum derivatives, is the primary source of energy, with consumption accounting for approximately 96% of total energy used. And where economic policies in this field reflect a general examination of this pollution, its confiscation, its economic consequences, and the economic policies used in this field

Thousands of animals are killed each year as a result of plastic pollution. Swallowing trash or tripping over plastic debris can harm river animals and fish. Egypt's gross domestic product is reduced by 5% as a result of pollution According to World Bank estimates, environmental degradation caused by air pollution costs Egypt roughly 5% of its yearly GDP, or $2.4 billion per year.

Climate change is also a problem for Egypt, as climate data models predict that average annual temperatures in Egypt will rise by 2-3°C by 2050, causing prolonged heat waves and increasing the frequency and intensity of droughts.

The governorates of Cairo, Giza, and Qalyubia contain 37.7% of all licensed vehicles in Egypt, implying that more than a third of Egypt's vehicles are concentrated in three governorates, excluding vehicles that enter these governorates from other governorates on a daily basis, implying that Greater Cairo contains more than a third of Egypt's vehicle pollutants.

Strategy 2050 it can be achieved through a lot of phases as it can be obtained through sequential activity the government can do and first, we must highlight our goals as:

1.      Achieving Sustainable and low-emission economic growth in the different sectors and this can be achieved by Energy transition by increasing the share of all renewable and alternative energy sources in the energy mix, reducing emissions associated with the use of fossil fuel, maximizing energy efficiency, Adopt sustainable consumption and production trends for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from other non-energy activities

2.      Second goal is enhancing Resilience and Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change, and Alleviating the Associated Negative Impacts, we should start with citizens protection from the negative health impacts of climate change, minimize loss and damage to country assets and eco-systems by preserving them from the impacts of climate change, preserving country's resources from the impacts of climate change

3.      Third goal is Enhancing Climate Change Action Governance and Management as first define the roles and responsibilities of the different stakeholders in order to achieve the strategic goals, we must seek for Improving the rank of Egypt in the international profile of climate change actions to attract further investments and climate finance opportunities and lastly, we should enhance institutional, procedural and legal arrangements such as Monitoring. Reporting and Verification (MRV) system

4.      Fourth goal is talking about enhancing Climate Financing Infrastructure as by promoting local green banking and green credit lines, promoting innovative financing mechanisms prioritizing adaptation actions, compliance with Multilateral Development Banks (MDB) guidelines for climate finance and to Build on success of the current climate finance programs

5.      Last goal is defined as enhancing Scientific Research, Technology Transfer, Knowledge Management and Awareness to Combat Climate Change as first we should Strengthening the role of scientific research and technology transfer in climate change mitigation and adaptation, Facilitating the dissemination of climate-relevant information and knowledge management among government institutions and citizens and last but not least Raising awareness on climate change among different stakeholders (high-level policy/decision makers, citizens, students) as raising the awareness helps in being ready to deal with any potential threat in a correct manner. Additionally, it creates a generation that is sufficiently aware of the scope of the problem, increasing the efficacy of the mechanisms needed to mitigate the effects of climate change. As a result, it raises their likelihood of taking an active role in the green economy and increasing their understanding of the significance of projects designed to lessen the effects of climate change as well as adaptation, especially in light of the expectation that risks will increase in the future.